Security

To audit OT security against IEC 62443, first define the System Under Consideration (SUC) and partition it into zones and conduits. Then select …

An OT security risk assessment translates technical findings (assets, exposures, vulnerabilities, and threat scenarios) into business outcomes such as safety risk, …

Secure remote access for OT vendors is best implemented by terminating all vendor connectivity in an OT DMZ and brokering access through …

Supplier risk is often the biggest OT threat because suppliers—OEMs, integrators, MSPs, and vendors—frequently need privileged, remote, and recurring access to critical …

Patching is not always the answer in OT security because many industrial systems have uptime constraints, vendor certification requirements, fragile dependencies, …

System hardening in OT reduces incident impact without disrupting production by applying least functionality, least privilege, strong authentication, and controlled change to …

OT network segmentation reduces blast radius by grouping industrial assets into zones (cell/area, engineering, OT operations, safety) and controlling communication through conduits (firewalls, allowlists, …

IEC 62443 uses zones and conduits to design secure industrial systems. A zone is a group of OT/ICS assets with similar security needs (risk, criticality, function). …

To turn OT incidents into security improvements, run a structured lessons learned process in two passes: a hotwash within 24–72 hours (capture …

OT forensics is the practice of investigating cyber incidents in industrial environments while protecting safety and availability. The safest approach is network-first: …